I found a solution to the problem which I described in another thread, to which I cannot post because it was closed. Please, move this post to that thread.
As I suspected, there is no problem with the switch. Instead, the problem is caused by a dangerous short to ground in the ASUS’s design of their LAN surge protection branded as “ASUS LANGuard”. There are user reports of similar or much worse issues with PoE switches of other manufacturers with ASUS motherboards: for example, there and there. So, a solution is to avoid connecting the onboard Ethernet port on ASUS motherboards with “LANGuard” to the switch. I am currently using a separate network adapter for mine instead.
For reference, here is how it is described in the ASUS PRIME Z270-K specifications summary:
ASUS unique features ASUS 5X PROTECTION III
ASUS LANGuard - Protects against LAN surges, lightning strikes and static-
electricity discharges
I figured that I probably should provide here a link to the other thread with the description of the problem, so that a link appears in that former thread directing to this new thread with a solution described in the above post.